Section I:

You’ll hear two tourists Sally and Peter talking in a coffee shop. First, you’ll have sometime to look at questions 1 to 5. You see that there is an example which has been done for you. On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.

- Oh, Peter, there you are. It’s been ages, what catch you so long?

- I’m sorry I’m so late, Sally. Have you been waiting long?

- About half an hour. But it doesn’t matter. I’ve had a coffee and I’ve been reading this guidebook for tourist.

Sally has been waiting half an hour for Peter, so C has been circled. Now we should begin. You should answer the questions as you listen because you’ll not hear the recording the second time. Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 5.

- Oh, Peter, there you are. It’s been ages, what catch you so long?

- I’m sorry I’m so late, Sally. Have you been waiting long?

- About half an hour. But it doesn’t matter. I’ve had a coffee and I’ve been reading this guidebook for tourist. Sit down. You look very tired. What would you like to drink?

- I love a really chilled mineral water or something. Will you have another coffee?

- Yes, I will. Just wait, I’ll be back in a moment. Why were you so late? Did something happen?

- Yes. You know I went to the bank to cash some traveler checks. Well the exchange rate was looking healthy but when I went to the tellers, they told me that the computer system was temporary down so they couldn’t do any transaction. They said the problem would be fixed in a few minutes so I waited. And then I started talking to another guy in the bank and I forget the time.

- Oh, really? So you missed in the bank? Does he work there?

- No, he was a tourist from New York. He’s name is Henry. And he’s been here for a week but he’s moving on to Germany tomorrow. He’s an architect and he’s spending 4 weeks traveling around Europe.

- Just like us.

- Yes, just like us. He told me the names of some places where we should eat. Great food and not too expensive, he said. Oh, and he also gave me a map of the bus system, he said, he didn’t need it any more.

- That’s useful. Put it for moving on tomorrow. Ah, here is the waitress, let’s order. Do you want something to eat or we have just drink?

- Well, I’m hungry. And we have a lot of sightseeing to do so let’s just have snack and drink.

- Sound good to me.

Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have sometime to look at question 6 to 10. Now listen and answer questions 6 to 10.

- Well, let’s decide what to see today. I guess the best place to start is the Cathedral and then the Council. What is the opening time for those two?

- Well, according to this guidebook, the Cathedral is only open from 9:30 in the morning until midday.

- Oh.. huh?

- Oh no, hang on. That’s the Cathedral Museum. The Cathedral itself open in the morning and afternoon. The Council is just open from 1:00 to 5:00 so we can’t go there until after lunch. I really want to spend sometime in the Art Gallery because they’ve got the wonderful paintings by Rembrane that I always want to see.

- What else should we see?

- Well, the guidebook said that the botanical gardens are worth spending sometime in and they’re open all day from 8:00 to 6:00 so we can go there anytime. I’d like to go to the market near the river, too, but oh, no, wait, … that’s open in the morning too.

- As well as today and tomorrow, we can see some other places on Monday you know. But I don’t think that the markets will be open on then, they only open on Thursday, so we miss them for this week. Maybe we should go to the Cathedral today because it is Sunday tomorrow and I don’t know if it opens everyday. It might be more difficult to come in tomorrow because of the church’s services.

- That’s true. But the Art Gallery isn’t open on Sunday at all so we’ll have to go there today. The Council opens everyday except Monday so it’s OK there. And the garden of course is close at night.

- Are all these places free? Or do we have to pay to go in? What does the guidebook say?

- I think there’re charges for all of them except for botanical gardens. Oh, and the market, of course you don’t pay to go in.

- OK. Well, it looks like our plan is this: we’ll go to the painting you like first, the Rembrane, then have lunch. And go on to the Council after that and then the Cathedral.

- OK. It said here that the roof of the Cathedral is really beautiful.

- Is that right? What I really want to do at the Cathedral is to climb the tower. The view is supposed to be spectacular.

- OK, well, that is more than enough for today. Then tomorrow, let’s go to the botanic garden and have a picnic. I want to sit by the river and watch the swamps. This city is famous for them.

That is the end of Section I. You have now half a minute to check your answers.

Section II:

You’ll hear part of a talk given by International Student Counselor peaking to a group of oversea students during their orientation week. First, you have sometime to look at question 11 to 14. Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 14.

So the Counselling Services we offered deal with any problems arising from your study or in your life outside the university. Let’s take Academic Counselling. If you confuse about subjects, or how to combine them in your degree then we can advise you and discuss the career you’re aiming for, so that you can see it all in contact. We can also chase up your tutor if you’re not getting a proper feed back on how you are getting on in your subject.

Beside help with academic problems, you may also need Personal Counselling. If you think you are already under stress, well, just wait to classes begin next week. You need to start adjusting to teaching and learning methods that maybe unfamiliar to you as well as the pressure that the deadline for the first assignment create up on you. And of course you have to cope with all of these without your usual social network, you know, the social contacts: family and friends… you could normally rely on for help. All of these causes azyetic.

Studying oversea can trigger a personal crisis. You may have left a lot of what you might call “unfinished businesses” back in your own country. Or you may have been interrupted personal relationship or even sometime broken them all to come oversea. And so the students often feel lonely. Unhappy, unmotivated, and unable to concentrate on study or there may be other things bothering you. Our President Chaplin can offer you spiritual guidance if that’s what you want. Or we can put you in touch with community group. They can provide you with social contacts and friendship.

Before you hear the rest of the talk, you’ll have sometime to look at question 15 to 20. Now listen and answer to questions 15 to 20.

What about exam stress? It affect nearly everyone to some extents but especially oversea students like yourself. There may be a huge amount of family’s pressure on you to succeed. And if you fail the subject, or drop out of the course because it is too difficult, then your self-esteem can suffer. But it is not the end of the world if you don’t pass an exam. I have to research first year anthropology so I am certainly after you - a simple first year. Anyway, exam failure can lead to worrying changes in the way you normally behave. You may also be off your food or you may have dietary problems just because the local food is not to your liking and upset you. And this affect your health and study. Glenda Roberts is a dietician in the Health Services and we can put you on the herb.

And we all have money problem, don’t we? But remember full-time students can get a low interest loan about 600$ to buy books and for similar study-related expenses. That’s right. And you can double that amount if you can afford for an item of equipment you need for your course of musical instruments for example. And it doesn’t stop there. When you move into a flat, starting-up expenses including furniture for it can be covered by a loan through the welfare services. See Joe Freeman for details.

Can we help you? Well, last academic year, in spite of staff cut, we counseled 240 international students for a total of 2,600$ counselling. And finally we want all but just one of the twelve appeals that we launched on behalf of students. Not too bad for an under-staff service, don’t you think? That’s all from me. Thank you.

That is the end of Section II. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Section III:

You’ll hear three friends talking about the assignment they are going to work on together. First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.

Now listen carefully and answer the questions 21 to 26.

- Oh, there you are, good. Sorry, I’m a little bit late. There is a long queue. So have you work out how to deal with the assignment, then?

- Not yet. We’ve been here a couple of minutes ourselves.

- Can you just remind me what the task is exactly?

- Well, there are two, ah…, no three parts to it. First, we’ve got to write an essay about ways of collecting data, then …

- What is the title of the essay exactly?

- I’ve got it here. “Assess the two main methods of collecting data in social science research.”

- And how much do we need to write?

- 1500 words, that’s for the essay. Then for the second part of the assignment, we have to choose one method of data collection and carry out a small scale study, making appropriate usage of method chosen together data from at least 5 subjects.

- And then we have to write a report on our study?

- That’s right. A three to four thousand words.

- Did you get as far as discussing with forms of data collection we should go for? Questionnaire or interview isn’t it?

- Yeah, I think we should use the questionnaire. Umm … it’ll be so much less time consuming than organizing an interview, I reckon. Once we agree on the wording what we want, just to send it out and wait for responses.

- Yes, I think it probably would be quicker. But most of what the lecturer gave us last week said about the quality of data from questionnaire.

- I’m pretty sure recommended questionnaires are a source of highly reliable data. As long as you design the questionnaire properly in the first place, the data will be fine.

- No, I’m sure it talks about draw-back as well, doesn’t it? Something about response rate and the problem when you get it too low.

- Yeah, but we only need data from 5 subjects anyway.

- I suppose so.

- Another draw-back out I remember mentioned was that questionnaire data tend not to reveal anything unexpected because it is limited in the questions think in advance by the researchers.

- Come on. Rossy, this is only a practice. It’s not maybe a real research, isn’t it?

- Well, I’m sure about that.

Before you hear the rest of conversation, you have sometime to look at questions 27 to 30.

Now listen and answer the questions 27 to 30.

- Maybe I’d better get through our plan again, just to be sure. Can you remember what’s it called?

- “Sample survey in Social Science research”, I think, by Mehta.

- M-E-H-T-A?

- Yeah. And you’re also recommended a more recent book called “Survey research” by Bell, I think, internet-series published by London University.

- And if we try to use interview instead, I saw a book in the departmental library which could be helpful. It called “Interviews that work” by Wilson published by Oxford in 1988.

- Right, oh I’ve got to the tutorial now. Can we meet up again later this week? What about Friday morning?

- Suit me. 11 o’clock?

- Fine.

- Before Friday, I think, we should all look through the reading list.

That is the end of Section III. You have now ½ minute to check your answers.

Section IV:

You’ll hear the beginning of one lecture in a series of lectures about the crime. First, you have sometime to look at questions 31 to 40.

Now listen and answer question 31 to 40.

So far in this lecture we’ve been looking at crimes like robbery and murder, both from historical viewpoint and also in contemporary society. And we’ve seen that the pre-occupation and western society with crime and with law-lackness is part of a long and continuing tradition rather than something which is knew and you need to in a modern society. But over the past 70 years or so, there’s been a massive increase in one type of crime, which is well-known as “corporate crime”. Corporate crime is crime which as the name suggests is connected with companies, with businesses and organizations. It includes illegal acts of the individual or a group within a company. But what important is that these acts normally are caused for the goal of the company. They are for the good of the company rather than the individuals. It has been defined as “crime which is committed for the corporate organization - the company, not against it”. So crime like thief by employee, things like uh fraud against one’s actually the employer are excluded, according to the definition. The employees may be involved but they are acting, in the first place, for the company. They may not even realize that they’re committing a crime. Or they may realize but they feel it’s excusable because it’s policy or because otherwhile they may lose their job. So here we really talking about the link between power and crime.

Now, this is one area but is much less generally known about than conventional or traditional crime. It is then relatively ignored by the mass media. For example, it tends to be under-reported in comparison with conventional crime in news broadcast, and in crime serials in films and so on. They really rarely deal with corporate crime. And it tends to be ignored by academic circles. It has been far more research on conventional crime and far more data available. There are several reasons for this lack of interest in corporate crime compared with other types of crime. It’s often very complex whereas with conventional crime it’s usually possible to following what’s going on without a specialist knowledge. As well as this where as conventional crimes usually have a lot of human interest, corporate crime often has much less. The third reason and probably the most significant one is that very often the victims are unaware. They think they meet them as an accident. Or that’s the fault of no one in particular. They’re unaware that they’ve been victims of a crime.

So when we look as the effects of corporate crime we may find it is very difficult to assess the costs. But these costs can be very considerable in both economic and social aspects. Let’s look at economic cost first. For example, if a company’s producing fruit juice. And it deludes its products so it’s just a little bit below the concentration it should be. Many millions of people maybe paying a small amount extra for their cut level in the juice. Now small amount like this may seem insignificant for individual customer, too small to worry about, but for the company this deception may result in massive illegal profit. However all studies in corporate crime agree that the individual are deprived far more money by such crime than they are by conventional crime like robbery and thief.

In addition to this, we have to consider the social costs of corporate crime and these are very difficult to assess but they are considerable. They’re important because they can undermine the faith of the public in business world. And also, more importantly, because the main group of people they affect are, in fact, not the richer section of society but the poorer. So these company are robbing the poor to benefit the rich.

There are two more points to do with corporate crime that I would like to illustrate with reference to specific evens which occurred several years ago. This was the explosion of a large oil tanker which caused the loss of more than 50 lives of the crew. This explosion should never happen. And the subsequence enquiry lead the blame not on anyone who’ve actually been on the tanker at the time but the owner of the tanker. The have deliberately decided not to carry out necessary repair work on the tanker as it was due to be sold. And it was this lack of repair work which was directly responsible for the explosion.

Now let’s illustrate two points to do with corporate crime. First off all, that it is not have to be intentional. The owner of the tanker certainly did not intend to explode it. But very serious consequences can result from people or organizations not considering the possible results of their actions seriously enough. The main crime here is the indifference to the human result rather than actual intention to harm anyone. But that didn’t make the result any less strategic. And this leads to my second point that corporate crime can have very severe consequences. It’s not just the matter of company making a bigger profit as they should do but the even which may affect the lives of innocent people. And yet, very often companies, because they said they did not intent to harm anyone, can avoid taking responsibility for the results of the action and that are very dangerous loophole in the law. Another example of corporate crime was the … (phased out)

That is the end of section IV. You now have ½ minute to check your answers.